Cystoscopy

What it can help assess

Cystoscopy is used to investigate blood in the urine, recurrent infections, bladder-emptying problems, and other symptoms, and to look for changes in the bladder lining. A small sample can be taken during the test if needed.

Preparation

The care team explains any preparation, which may include giving a urine sample to check for infection. Tell them about medicines, allergies, and the possibility of pregnancy. Most flexible cystoscopies use local anaesthetic gel; some procedures use other anaesthesia.

What happens

A lubricated scope is gently passed through the urethra into the bladder, which is filled with fluid so the lining can be seen. The test is usually brief. You may feel a need to urinate and some discomfort.

Understanding results

The clinician can often describe findings straight after the test, though results from any sample take longer. Findings are interpreted alongside your symptoms and other tests.

Risks and limitations

Temporary stinging when passing urine, a small amount of blood, and a need to urinate more often can occur for a day or two. Infection is uncommon. Contact the team for fever, worsening pain, or inability to pass urine.

Questions to ask a clinician

• Why is a cystoscopy recommended for me?
• Will it be a flexible or rigid cystoscopy, and what anaesthetic is used?
• Might a sample be taken during the test?
• What symptoms afterwards should prompt me to call the team?